M244 Joseph

M244 JOSEPH, Nez Perce (1832-1904) Although an advocate of peace and coexistence with the white man, Joseph was forced from his homeland into a three month, 1300-mile flight, defeating the US Army in seven major battles before surrendering within forty miles of sanctuary, the Canadian border. Joseph was so revered a leader he was never allowed to return to his people, it is said that upon his exiled death, the agency doctor identified the cause of death as "broken heart." Photograph by Edward S. Curtis, 1903